Harness or collar for small dogs: which to choose?

For a small dog, choosing between a harness and a collar isn't just about aesthetics: it's a matter of safety, breathing comfort, and control during walks. Small breed dogs (Chihuahuas, Yorkshire Terriers, Pomeranians, Bichons, etc.) have specific anatomical features: a delicate trachea, a slender neck, and sometimes a tendency to cough when the collar is pulled. Harnesses are often recommended to distribute pressure, but not all harnesses are created equal, and there are cases where a collar remains the best option. This guide objectively compares and explains the different types of harnesses, how to measure and adjust them, common mistakes to avoid, and offers practical examples based on age, temperament, and living situation.

Collars: Weak points in small dogs

Anatomy: In small dogs, the laryngeal ring and trachea are proportionally more fragile. A sudden jerk on a collar can cause a reflex cough, persistent discomfort, and even contribute to recurring irritation. Dogs that pull, become excited at the sight of another dog, or change direction abruptly are more susceptible to this concentrated pressure on the neck.

Breathing: By pressing on the throat, a collar can restrict ventilation and increase exertion during an active walk. On sloping terrain, a collar increases forward pressure and can lead to a less stable posture.

Behavior: Sensitive dogs may associate the discomfort of the collar with the presence of other dogs or the street, reinforcing excitement or avoidance. Retraining with a harness is often gentler.

Skin and hair: chafing, hair breakage and skin irritation around the neck are common in small breeds with tight collars, especially if the coat is fine.

Collar: when is it useful (and how to use it safely)?

Identification: A lightweight collar with a tag remains practical for identification at home. Choose a flexible, wide model that fits snugly so it doesn't slip over the head without being tight. Check that you can fit two fingers between the collar and the neck.

For quiet walks of a few minutes: if your dog never pulls and you're walking slowly for a quick potty break, a collar may be suitable, especially in very quiet areas. However, attach the leash to the harness as soon as the environment becomes more stimulating.

Patient training: for teaching a dog to walk at heel, some prefer a flat collar only if the dog doesn't resist. At the slightest sign of coughing or discomfort, switch to a harness.

Harnesses: key advantages for smaller builds

Pressure distribution: the effort is transferred from the neck to the rib cage and shoulders, which are more robust areas. Jerky movements are absorbed and breathing remains free, even when the dog is excited.

Control and stability: a well-fitted harness offers better control in the city, on stairs, and near traffic. It reduces sudden jerks to the neck and provides greater safety in case of unexpected events.

Training: Leash training is smoother with a comfortable harness, especially for dogs who have quickly associated the collar with discomfort. The harness helps to re-establish pleasant walks.

Versatility: many coats for small dogs include a harness opening. It's easier to connect everything without putting pressure on the neck.

Harnesses: limitations and misconceptions to correct

There's no such thing as a 'magic' harness: a poorly fitting harness can be just as problematic as a collar. Harnesses that pinch the shoulders or pull on the armpit create chafing and a crab-like gait. Proper fit and adjustment are more important than brand.

Escape: some dogs become experts at getting out of a harness that is too wide or poorly fitted (sudden jerk). Hence the importance of a dynamic fitting and precise adjustment.

False sense of security: a harness is no substitute for leash training. It makes the experience more comfortable, but training is still necessary.

Harness types: Y, H, step-in, vest

Y-harness : two straps from the chest that meet at the sternum, then continue down the back. It generally allows more freedom of movement for the shoulders and distributes pressure well. A good compromise for walks and training.

H-shaped harness : neck strap, chest strap, belly strap; highly adjustable, suitable for complex body shapes. Check for shoulder freedom.

Step-in (slips on over the legs) : practical for dogs who don't like having a strap go over their head. Be careful of chafing under the armpit if it's too tight.

Vest-style harness : larger fabric surface, perceived as soft and enveloping. Ideal for dogs that get cold easily. Ensure breathability and freedom of movement at the shoulders; avoid overly rigid models.

Attachment point: back, chest (front-clip) or double attachment

Back harness: the most common type. Comfortable and simple for dogs that don't pull or pull very little. Good for routine walks.

Front (chest) attachment: helps redirect the dog towards you if it pulls. Useful for training in walking without pulling, especially in urban areas. Use with a loose leash and gentle guidance, never jerk or jerk.

Dual attachment: a leash with two snap hooks connects the back and chest. Offers very precise control for reactive dogs or dense urban environments.

Measure and adjust: neck, chest, length

Essential measurements: chest circumference (just behind the front legs) and, depending on the model, neck circumference. Use a tape measure with the dog standing and relaxed. Add a little extra room: your finger should easily fit under the straps. A harness that is too loose twists and encourages escape; one that is too tight will chafe and restrict breathing.

Dynamic fitting: The dog should be able to raise its forearm without resistance, sit, lie down, and trot naturally. Check that no straps rub against the armpit or the base of the neck. Perform a 2–3 minute test walk.

Materials: flexibility, breathability and robustness

Straps: tightly woven nylon with softened edges. Avoid abrasive straps that snag fine hair. Stitching should be even and reinforced at attachment points.

Lining: breathable mesh or thin neoprene. Too thick = hot and humid; too thin = chafing. Aim for a balance and flat seams.

Buckles: lightweight yet sturdy, easy to handle. Choose buckles positioned away from the armpits to avoid discomfort.

Rings: Stainless steel or robust alloy, well welded. The front ring must remain stable and well positioned in the center of the chest.

Safety, visibility and the urban environment

Reflective elements: essential in winter and at night. Opt for visible strips on the sides and back. Bright colors are useful in the city.

Leash : A simple leash of 1.2 to 1.5 m is ideal for training. Avoid retractable leashes in crowded areas: poor control and possible jerks.

Handle close to the dog: useful for keeping the dog at your side during a tight intersection. Use briefly, without lifting the dog by the harness.

Case studies: puppy, adult, senior, reactive dog

Puppy: Choose a lightweight, highly adjustable harness that's easy to put on (step-in or flexible Y-harness). Work on habituation gently: place the puppy down, reward, close the harness, walk for 30 seconds, reward again. Keep sessions short and positive.

Adult: For a dog that pulls a little, start with a Y-shaped leash with a front and back attachment. Guide the dog towards you and reward slack leashes. Over time, switch to a back attachment only if the behavior improves.

Seniors: look for comfort and stability. A breathable, soft vest harness with easy fastenings limits contortions when putting it on.

Reactive dog: double leash (chest + back) + double snap hook leash for precise control. Add distance/counter-conditioning training with a trainer if needed.

Climate, coats and layering with harness

In cold or rainy weather, wear the harness under a jacket with a leash attachment point, or choose a harness-compatible coat (with an external D-ring). Avoid stiff layers that restrict shoulder movement. Test the harness while moving for 2–3 minutes and adjust before setting off.

Switching from a collar to a harness: instructions

Days 1–2: Leave the harness available, reward any interest. Place on the dog's back without fastening it, give treats. Days 3–4: Briefly put the harness on, fasten one strap, walk a few steps in it, reward. Days 5–7: Very short walks with the harness, no intense excitement. Gradually increase the duration.

If your dog freezes, go back a step. The goal is to associate the harness with freedom of movement, not with constraint.

Maintenance: washing, inspection and replacements

Wash regularly in warm, soapy water, rinse, and air dry. Inspect the seams and rings. Replace at the first sign of wear, especially if your dog sometimes pulls. A clean harness reduces irritation and odors and glides more smoothly through the fur.

Common mistakes to avoid

- Choosing a harness that is too small 'for better control': you create friction and difficulty breathing.

- Leaving it too loose: the harness twists and the dog can get out by backing away.

- Cut the shoulder: armholes that are too tight restrict the range of motion at the front.

- Forget about training walks: harnesses are not a miracle solution. Work on a relaxed leash and calm rewards.

- Using a reel in a narrow street: risks of jerking and lack of control.

- Choke collars/prohibited: prohibited on small dogs, high risks without lasting educational gain.

Shopping checklist: 12 points to validate

- Y-shape (flexible) or adjustable H-shape that frees the shoulders.

- Back attachment + front option for walking education.

- Soft straps, non-abrasive edges, reinforced seams.

- Breathable lining (mesh), not too thick.

- Sturdy buckles, easy to handle.

- Solid rings, ideally made of stainless steel.

- Fine adjustments (chest/neck/belly) and stability in motion.

- Size compatible with measurements (chest/neck), with a margin of ease.

- Coat compatibility (leash opening or external ring).

- Well-placed reflective elements.

- Simple care (wash in warm water, quick drying).

- Replaceable parts (buckles/rings) at some brands.

Concise comparison: harness vs collar

Harness:

- Respiratory safety: very favorable (no pressure on the trachea).

- Control: high, especially with front/double attachment.

- Comfort: good if the cut frees the shoulders and if it is well fitted.

- Maintenance: regular washing, inspection of seams.

Necklace :

- Respiratory safety: more fragile in small dogs, risk of sudden movements.

- Control: adequate on calm dogs, limited in dense areas.

- Comfort: depends on the tightness and the peel; risk of chafing.

- Maintenance: simple. Ideal role: identification and very calm walks.

FAQ

Is a collar dangerous for all small dogs?

Not always, but it does put more pressure on the trachea. If your dog pulls, coughs, or gets excited, a harness is preferable.

Which harness is best for a Chihuahua or a Yorkshire Terrier?

A flexible, adjustable, lightweight Y-shaped harness with a front attachment option for working on walking without pulling.

And what about those 'tight' anti-pull harnesses?

Avoid aversive systems. Good guidance + calm rewards are sufficient, with a front attachment if necessary.

Do I need a special leash?

A simple leash (1.2–1.5 m), elastic or not, provides the best feedback. A version with two carabiners is useful for double attachment.

Can the collar remain for identification purposes?

Yes, a lightweight collar with a tag can remain for everyday use, but attach the leash to the harness for active outings.

My dog ​​struggles when we put the harness on, what should I do?

Get them used to it gradually, with very short sessions, treats, and a vest/step-in if putting their head through is a problem. Don't force it.

Conclusion

For a small dog, a harness is generally the safest and most comfortable solution: it distributes pressure, protects the throat, and improves control in urban environments. A collar remains useful for identification and very short, calm walks. The best choice depends on the dog's build, temperament, and the type of walks. Measure, adjust the harness while moving, observe the dog's gait, and prioritize gentle familiarization. A good harness is one your dog forgets it's wearing—and that provides you with relaxed and safe walks.

Leash training: a gentle and effective protocol

The goal: a slack leash 80% of the time. Start by working at home or in a quiet hallway. Reward every second of a slack leash and every glance back at you. Only move forward when the leash is loose; stop as soon as it becomes taut. Resume when it's slack again. These mini-loops teach the dog that progress happens when it chooses to slow down on its own.

Gradually introduce distractions: garden, quiet street, then busy sidewalk. Keep the training time short at first (5–10 minutes), then increase it as the dog progresses. A comfortable harness, a short leash (1.2–1.5 m), and calm rewards will speed up learning.

Trials, returns, and adjustments: the 7-day method

Day 1: Take measurements, select two models if possible (Y and step-in), and perform a trial fitting. Day 2: Perform a 5-minute test walk indoors or on level ground, and observe any chafing or shoulder freedom. Day 3: Perform a short walk outdoors (5–10 minutes), reward the wearer, and avoid busy streets. Day 4: Fine-tune the straps; if there is rotation, slightly tighten the chest strap. Day 5: Walk for 15 minutes in a busier area. Days 6–7: Evaluate the wearer's gait: Is it smooth? Are there any red patches or slippage? If any discomfort is present, exchange the model or size.

Budget and sustainability: how much should you plan for?

Entry-level: €15–25 for a basic harness, sufficient if the stitching is good and the fit is well. Mid-range: €25–45 for an adjustable, mesh-lined model, with the option of a front D-ring. High-end: €45–70 (or more) for robust construction, replaceable parts, and optimized ergonomics.

A single leash costs €10–25; a double leash (two carabiners) €20–35. A good, well-maintained harness lasts for several seasons.

Money-saving tip: keep a lightweight collar for identification and focus your budget on a comfortable harness that is actually used on a daily basis.

Health and legal points to know

Health: If your dog has a chronic cough, breathing difficulties, suspected tracheal collapse, or neck pain, consider using a harness and consult your veterinarian for a suitable protocol. Small brachycephalic (short-nosed) dogs are particularly sensitive to neck pressure.

Legal: Some municipalities require dogs to be kept on a leash in public spaces. A well-fitted harness reduces the risk of escape and improves control, making it easier to comply with these regulations while ensuring the animal's comfort.

Does your Chihuahua drink enough water every day? 💧

Check out our article “Water fountain or bowl for Chihuahuas: which to choose?” where we compare hygiene, noise, maintenance, and cost to help you make the right choice 🩵